Avian influenza updates
The latest World Health Organization statement on the situation in Turkey Like the two cases confirmed on 16 January, also from Dogubayazit, exposure in this case occurred prior to the government’s launch of an intensive public education campaign. Rapid surveys conducted in the most severely affected eastern part of the country have found an almost universal awareness of the disease and of the risk factors for infection. This awareness has been accompanied by behavioural changes that are expected to reduce opportunities for human infections to occur. As the virus is now known to be present in birds in many parts of the country, some additional human cases should be anticipated in the immediate future. The number of these cases is, however, expected to decline as high-risk behaviours become less common and culling operations, which are presently under way, reduce the number of infected birds. The newly confirmed case brings the total in Turkey to 21. Of these cases, four were fatal. All four were residents of Dogubayazit. A second shipment of laboratory specimens arrived yesterday at a WHO collaborating laboratory in the United Kingdom. Apart from providing diagnostic confirmation, the laboratory will undertake viral characterization and genetic and antigenic analyses of viruses. These studies help determine whether the virus is evolving. Antigenic analysis of the virus helps ensure that work on the development of a pandemic vaccine stays on track. Initial results are expected later this week.
“Quite extraordinary,” was how David Nabarro, the UN System’s Coordinator for Avian and Human Influenza, described an amount that was much more than the $1.4 billion he had previously said was needed to combat the spread of a disease that in humans has already led to 79 deaths globally. “What we’ve seen today is that the world really does care and wants to respond effectively to the threat of avian influenza and a possible human pandemic,” Dr. Nabarro was quoted as saying by a UN spokesman in New York. Donors have been gathering over the past two days at the International Pledging Conference on Avian and Human Influenza in Beijing to raise funds to fight the disease. In a message aired at the conference earlier today, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan said there must be a coordinated international response. “To be truly prepared, we will need to mount a massive effort – from upgrading veterinary systems and launching vaccination drives, to encouraging change in the ways people coexist with animals,” Mr. Annan said, pointing out that the cost of action now was small compared to the price of tackling a pandemic. In his video message, Mr. Annan also called for sharing of information, biological material and scientific expertise, providing essential medicines to those in need, and galvanizing international efforts “with a minimum of red tape and quibbling.” Pledging the UN's full support for this effort, he said: “I have asked all parts of the United Nations system to have contingency plans in place, so that we can sustain vital support, if and when a human pandemic does erupt. “I encourage all Governments to do the same,” the Secretary-General added. “There is no time to waste.” Echoing the urgency of the situation, the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) said today it was particularly concerned about the possible spread of the avian influenza virus to Africa, adding it could also become “entrenched in the Black Sea, Caucasus and Near East” through trade and the movement of people, animals and birds. “In Turkey the virus has already reached the crossroads of Asia, Europe and Africa, and there is a real risk of further spread. If it were to become rooted in the African countryside, the consequences for a continent already devastated by hunger and poverty could be truly catastrophic,” FAO Deputy Director-General David Harcharik told the Beijing conference. Also at the China meeting, Shafqat Kalakhel, Deputy Executive Director of the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) said the emergence of avian flu as a threat to people reflected the fact that humans were now more intensively interacting with the natural environment. As such, he called for looking at how the virus behaves in wild birds and also at other related environmental issues as part of the overall strategy against the disease. During the past two years, six countries have reported outbreaks of avian influenza caused by the H5N1 virus in people. More than 140 million chickens have been slaughtered to try and contain the disease but this has caused massive economic hardship to farmers while spreading fear in their communities. So far, the virus has only spread from infected animals to humans, however the UN World Health Organization (WHO) has warned that it could change into a form that spreads easily from person to person, triggering an influenza pandemic which could kill tens of millions of people worldwide. In humans, treatment with antiviral medicines is one way to reduce death and illness. WHO has been building up drug stockpiles at different locations worldwide for quick distribution in case of emergency. “There must be visible improvement in control of avian influenza and pandemic preparedness by countries, technical agencies, and all others involved,” Dr. Lee Jong-wook, WHO Director-General, warned the delegates in his opening remarks in Beijing.
•Date: 19th Jan 2006• Region: Asia/World • Type: Article •Topic: BC general |
